Magnification in Endodontics. The Use of Surgical Loupe and Surgical Operating Microscope in Detection of Root Canal Orifices

      Аннотация: The past fifteen years have witnessed an explosion of new technologies, new instruments and new materials in the field of endodontics. The use of surgical headlamps and dental loupes has evolved into the use of surgical operating microscope. It represents quantum leap in the development of competence for endodontics and dentistry in general. The increased magnification and coaxial illumination have enhanced the treatment outcomes in non-surgical and surgical endodontics. In this text book, we concluded that magnification and illumination increased the detection rate of root canal orifices and operator experience has positive influence on the detection rate of root canal orifice. This text book is very useful for the students and clinicians who want to increase their precision and success in clinical endodontic practice.

Ключевые слова: maxillary first molar, mesiobuccal-2 canal orifice, surgical loupe, surgical operating microscope.