The Emergent and Residual in Cultural Ideology of Raymond Williams. Rethinking the Concept of “Culture” in Charles Dickens’ Hard Times: The Emergent Vs. The Residual

      Аннотация: Culture is one of the most complex concepts to define; however, it encompasses the ideas of heritage, science, and literature that characterize a nation. Ideology is the most significant element shapes the appearance of any culture, an opinion that has mostly been held by philosophers and thinkers, who are keen to develop new doctrines as well as social, economic, and political theories. This study puts forward Raymond Williams' view concerning the emergent and residual culture, at the time when capitalist and utilitarian ideology has been rampant. In conclusion, acculturating is more common concept than it is culture. It is the process of imposing cultures upon the global societies, by which endless restlessness and instability in directing of the global cultures are obviously possible. Thus, it becomes more convincing theory than the culture lexicon. In such problematic situation, it is better to bring the essence of culture to the domestic environment, so that little effects of the other cultures would be possible. Most of the world cultures are grounded upon adequate knowledge of the purposes of modern culture that is still hidden under the veneer of civilization.

Ключевые слова: Raymond Williams cultural ideology Charles Dickens’ Hard Times The Emergent Residual English literature