Decline in Citizenship Education in Pakistan.

      Аннотация: The concept of citizenship education is gradually declining from the Pakistani society, appearing to have little effect upon the education system. Lack of proper methodology for citizenship education has been affecting the social setup of the country for a long time, leading to adverse consequences for the premature democratic processes. The main purpose of citizenship education is the development of good democratic citizens. However, from a wider perspective, it may be used to attain greater aims by equipping individuals and groups to free themselves from social evils, or by fostering the revival of positive aspects of old customs. The conclusions of current study shed light on the alarming effects of lack of citizenship education including a deterioration of patriotism among secondary school students, rising materialistic tendencies in teachers and negative impact of multiple educational systems in practice concurrently. Nevertheless, identification of problems alone cannot play a role for future researchers unless some specific solutions are also outlined, as has been attempted by this research.

Ключевые слова: Qualitative Research, citizenship education, Karachi, Social norms, patriotism, Democratic Citizens, National Ideology, Declining Standards