Protectionist Policies within the Member States of ASEAN+3 and the EU. Theoretical Analysis and Comparison of Protectionist Policies, Foundations, Implementation, and Derived Results

      Аннотация: The work analyzes the different protectionism measures, which are implemented by the EU countries, as well as the ASEAN countries and China, Korea and Japan. The investigation was developed in the field of economics and business administration, taking into account any contribution for further analysis and market development in these countries. The work explains not only the aspects of protectionist policies, but also mentions the main reasons of governments for protectionism and shows the impact on various economic sectors. The analysis includes aspects such as import and export restrictions, administrative barriers like special labeling requirements, certificates, etc., anti-dumping measures and countervailing duties, export strategies, subsidies and government procurement. This study focuses on the comparison of the various protectionist measures, which can be compared by arguments for protectionism.

Ключевые слова: ASEAN, China, EU, Japan, Korea