Planning and Development of Ideal Watershed with Zero Surface Runoff. Minimization of surface runoff and soil loss to enhance agricultural productivity

      Аннотация: This book contains the study of some scientific designing of soil and water conservation structures. The study area of Kharlikani watershed of Odisha, India comprises of four types of toposystems i.e. non-arable upland, arable up and medium land and arable low land. The recommended soil and water conservation structures for non-arable upland, arable up and medium land and arable low land are continuous contour trench, contour bund with surplus weir, contour bund and farm pond, respectively. Design dimensions of different soil and water conservation structures are worked out by considering runoff produced from one day maximum rainfall predicted by best fit probability distribution at 5 years return period. Water balance model of crop fields and that of farm pond was carried on to find out the optimum size of farm pond in low land areas. For paddy – mustard cropping system, simulated size of unlined farm pond in low land is obtained as 14.15%. Simulated sizes of different soil and water conservation structures were laid out in the watershed and the recorded data revealed that the conservation measures are effective in controlling runoff and soil loss in the study watershed.

Ключевые слова: Farm pond, Groundwater, rainfall, Runoff, Simulation, Soil loss, Soil Moisture, water balance, Contour bund, Contour trench