Unemployment among Young People in Africa. Recent Development and New Challenges

      Аннотация: Though Africa’s current young cohorts get better access to education than their parents’ generation did, majority of them get blocked at the labor market entrance. Taking this into account, we tried to identify the major culpable factors using cross-countries analysis. The findings show that Africa has recently drowned in trouble to create productive jobs for a population that is predominantly young, poorly educated and growing rapidly. The official youth unemployment rates are as high as 40% in countries like South Africa, Nigeria, Reunion and Tunisia in 2012, with far-reaching consequences on their human and social capital. The most important challenges are found to be lack of aggregate demand, skill mismatches & deficits, labor market information shortage, unproductive labor & naive expectation to government jobs; rigid labor market regulations & institutional setbacks. This signifies that African governments and policy-makers alike need to search new ways to improve the human capital of the youth. Otherwise, it seems hard to go a long way either in creating jobs for the growing youthful population in particular or in sustaining the human development of the continent in general.

Ключевые слова: Africa, unemployment, youth, Labour market policy, skills mismatch