Motivational Factors for Non-degree graduate Entrepreneurs in Kitwe. Entrepreneurship is the key to the growth of every economy

      Аннотация: The study looks at “motivational factors of non–degree graduate entrepreneurs in Kitwe”, Zambia. It’s a fact that some successful businesses are run, owned or were started by the lowly educated who are expected to take employment. Indeed literacy levels affect one’s entrepreneurial abilities and therefore individuals of different educational backgrounds may have different motivations. The objective of the study is to provide an integrated analysis in a single and different context of motivations, problems, and business success factors as well as assess the relationship between stress and business ownership of non–degree graduate entrepreneurs. A questionnaire was used and one on one interviews were conducted to collect data from a sample taken from Kitwe District of Chamber Commerce and Industry (KDCCI) on Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s) fitting the Zambian definition. The findings revealed that motivational factors between non-degree graduates and degree graduate entrepreneurs or higher weren't so different but it was observed that the level and rate of innovation, technological improvements and size of the firm/growth were slower. Most of them are a means of family survival.

Ключевые слова: Entrepreneurship, motivation, Problems, Stress, success, Non-degree graduates entrepreneurs, small and medium enterprises, small and m?dium enterprises