Has Science Got Any Basic Principle?. On the developments in the philosophy of science about the scientific progress

      Аннотация: Sciences, particularly those of nature, are achieving the ever-increasing knowledge. Well, how do they make that? Do the sciences have any basic principle i.e. any criterion or methodology that guides them? What role does metaphysics play in sciences - helps or hinders it? Is there any valid scientific rationality? How are the profound, fundamental changes in the various sciences of nature, such as paradigm shift made? These topics and related issues elaborates in the wake of the philosophy of science for a century to the nowadays. Above problems have challenged the philosophers of science, and not just them, for more than a half century. The most remarkable achievements by the logical positivists, Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos, Paul Feyerabend and others are appraised as well as criticized. Because of these unsolved problems, no matter how fundamental they may be, to infer that the philosophy of science has given up - it is completely wrong. The outline presented in this book may probably shed the light on the directions of the investigation in the future.

Ключевые слова: Criterion, Metaphysics, Methodology, paradigm shift, Philosophy of Science, Rationality, scientific revolution, theory choice, normal science