Environmental Effects on Thermal Performance of Nuclear Power Plants.

      Аннотация: The adverse effects of changes in the characteristics of the condenser sea cooling water on the efficiency and power output of pressurized water nuclear power plants are significantly pronounced. The changes in temperature, fouling and salinity of the condenser cooling water must be taken care of in designing condensers for nuclear power plants to keep their values within the design data. The deviation from rated values will incredibly reduce the efficiency and power output of the plant over its life time which could be more than 70 years in new generations of nuclear reactors. The combined effect of changes in temperature, fouling and salinity can reduce the plant efficiency by more than 3% for some conditions. This is unacceptable in the light of efforts made and money spent to increase the efficiency by even 1%. The data in the book are useful for designers, operators, researchers and buyers of nuclear power plants. New designs of condensers are demanded in order to eliminate or mitigate such negative effects. As for temperature, fresh cold water may be added or using heat exchangers. Fouling can be treated by adding chemicals. Salinity can be reduced by adding fresh water.

Ключевые слова: condenser cooling water, Efficiency, Fouling, power output, pressurized water reactor, Salinity, Temperature, thermal performance, Nuclear Power Stations