Heat on the external root surface during broken instrument removal.

      Аннотация: Success of endodontic treatment depends on different phases. One of the most important phases is cleaning and shaping. Cleaning and shaping can be performed by different intracanal rotary and hand instruments. Unfortunately, Limited flexibility and strength of intracanal instruments combined with improper use may result in intracanal instruments separation. This mishap can jeopardize the whole treatment plan. There are basically different approaches to remove and retrieve these separated instruments. Ultrasonic tips are one of the most successful approaches used nowadays to retrieve the separated instruments. Ultrasonic tips with the help of some systems and devices based on “A tube slieve fit principle “as IRS (instrument removal system) increased the chances for instruments retrieval by exposing the coronal end of the instruments. Attempted removal of the separated instruments using ultrasonic tips without good visualization increases the risk for ledges and perforations. Conversely, using an operating microscope greatly increases the chance for retrieval.

Ключевые слова: ultrasonic s, broken instrument, heat generation