Impact of Sand Mining.

      Аннотация: Excavation of sand is a continuous required process because it is a need of construction. Every year large amounts of sand are extracted from the rivers meet the demand for construction and nourishment activities. In present book sand excavation situations in River Godavari and River Bhima is discussed in detailed. Sand mining is causing environmental damage worldwide. Sand and boulders prevent the river from changing the course and act as a buffer for the riverbed. Excessive in stream sand mining is a threat to bridges, river banks and nearby structures in the study area Sand mining also affects the adjoining groundwater system. Determining the sand budget for a particular stream reach is solution but for this following information is required like site-specific topographic, hydrologic, and hydraulic information. With this information we can estimate the amount of sand removal in upstream and downstream area of the bridges. To control sand mining the miner should have licence. Illegal operation should be stopped. Government guidelines should be followed by the miners.

Ключевые слова: river basin, Sand Excavation, Maharashtra