Noninvasive Urodynamics: A History.

      Аннотация: Over the last few decades, efforts have been directed towards development of noninvasive diagnostic methods for functional lower urinary tract disorders. Various urodynamic and non-urodynamic approaches have been investigated to estimate functional and anatomical changes in detrusor muscle all over the micturition cycles. In this book, we presented for a various diagnostic approaches investigated to monitor events of the micturition cycle, including imaging techniques of ultrasonography and near-infrared spectroscopy, auditory techniques, and biomarkers

Ключевые слова: Noninvasive, Urodynamics