Production of Semi-Gammer from Concentrated-Reconstituted Powder Milk and Study of Its Shelf-Life Properties.

      Аннотация: The Iraqi economy was highly dependent on fresh milk imports. As a consequence of hostilities, international and regional interventions and embargos, Iraq was unable to obtain quantities of fresh milk necessary to support its dairy industry. Because of the disastrous effect embargoes and other sanctions had on Iraq, the Iraqi government and farmers were forced to seek alternatives to the use of fresh milk in the production of its dairy products. Also, product perish-ability was a primary consideration in determining an alternative. Accordingly, in view of its long shelf-life, Iraqis turned to the use of powdered milk as an alternative to fresh raw milk in producing certain dairy products. The objective of this research was to produce Semi-Gammer (a traditional Iraqi dairy product which is also known as Geymer, Geimar, or Gamer) from concentrated reconstituted whole milk powder with (21, 29, 37) % Total Solids, using four separation heat treatments (40, 50, 60, 70) °C in order to achieve the best total solid and temperature to provide the largest quantity of Semi-Gammer. The chemical, physical, microbial properties and panel taste of Semi-Gammer were studied.

Ключевые слова: Dairy Science, Food Science, Gammer, cream, Cream Separator, Reconstituted Milk, milk powder, Fresh Milk.