Impacts of foreign policy on civil-military relations in Egypt. Democratic transition challenges

      Аннотация: In civil-military relations, the focus is generally on the domestic variables. This is mainly because that this type of relations can be described as special type of bureaucratic politics. It is simply; two bureaucratic groups are competing or clashing over the political powers. The main hypothesis is that the foreign relations of Egypt have significant impact on the civil-military relations inside Egypt. This impacts are usually in favor of the military. The study reviewed the hypothesis by examining the foreign relations of Egypt during different periods which represents different political regimes adopting variant foreign policy orientations. As the Egyptian regime is mixture of military and personal rule; the periods of study are divided according to presidents. In each period the foreign policy orientation of the president is examined and the direct effects on the civil-military relations in that period is analysed in order to conclude clear patterns of impacts. The study focuses on Egypt’s relations with United States and Soviet Union and later Russia in international level. Also it focuses on Egypt’s relations with Israel and Gulf countries especially Saudi Arabia and UAE.

Ключевые слова: Egyptian regime, revolution, military coup