Textbook of fundamental geographic information system.

      Аннотация: This text book is more focus on fundamental and main concepts to understand GIS for the beginner and learner in the academic era. It include from the definition of GIS to the analysis of geospatial data to give spatial information. This text book of fundamental GIS is used for students of higher education particularly for under graduate student who take fundamental GIS. It also used for the master student who did not know how about GIS to understand the advanced courses who take further study. It is also used for vocational student in technical school in diploma or degree program like surveying and other technical courses that focuses on land. It also used for professional who need enhance the knowledge of GIS in different discipline for Agriculturalist , civil engineer and other for researcher who used spatial data. Although different profession used for enhancing the knowledge of GIS, the category of the text book is for undergraduate student who take fundamental of GIS in the University.

Ключевые слова: GIS, Geographic information system, Geospatial data, georeferncing, digital spatial environment, coordinate system, types of GIS, concept of geographic phenomena, spatial data base, “garbage in garbage out”.