Cretulae: a basic class of objects in the archaeological research. (Pre- Early-Dynastic / Old Kingdom periods)

      Аннотация: From the study of these materials from Buhen, until now not published yet, we have obtained such an information as to enlarge our research field, information that concerns essentially two clusters of events related to: I) the archaic periods (Pre- Early-Dynastic); II) the Chefren age.Buhen turns out as an important administrative centre, already in archaic periods. Structures were found under Old Kingdom levels; among others a defence wall, furnaces and a brick building, referring to the first dinasties (Emery 1963b, 117, 119). Certainly, the kings of Dynasty 0 and Thinite dynasties stood there, as we deduce from the clay sealings.Similar deductions can be made for the Chefren age. On the sealings of this phase, in fact, administrative structures are named as the nbt Hwt, perhaps a “Columned Hall”; besides, buildings and stores were found during the excavations.In both periods, it is to be noticed that exchange is the decisive factor to define contacts and transfer culture.

Ключевые слова: Archaeology, Cretulae, Old Kingdom, Early-Dynastic