Declining Groundwater Levels in the Chad Formation. The Borno Basin, Nigeria

      Аннотация: The principal sources of water supply in the study area are surface and groundwater in earlier sixties, this surface water has disappeared and groundwater in hand dugs wells and boreholes in villagers and urban settlement are drying up in the Borno Basin. Therefore the study is aiming at establishing the present groundwater level in the Upper, Middle and Lower aquifer and compared the measurement with the previous water levels measured in the study area. The study involved desk study were all available published and unpublished data were collected and followed by reconnaissance survey in 2006 and detail field work in 2007,2008,2009,2011 and 2012 during which water level in 87 hand dug wells and boreholes were measured using a water level meter or graduated tape. Global Positioning System (GPS) with accuracy ±8m were used to measure the elevation and coordinates of each hand dug wells and boreholes. Water samples were collected in two litre sample bottle with physical parameters measured in the field and laboratory analyses carried out in Department of Geology University of Maiduguri Nigeria.

Ключевые слова: Groundwater, groundwater levels, chad formation, borno basin, Nigeria