Nonvital open apex. Basic concepts, materials and techniques employed for its management

      Аннотация: The ultimate goal in endodontic treatment is to debride and obturate the canal as efficiently and three dimensionally as possible. Every effort should be made to attain the genetically programmed closure of the foramen that remains open because of the early pulp death. This can be accomplished by apexification a method of reaching the growth potential and restoring root growth and apical foramen closure.Endodontic treatment of immature teeth with necrotic pulp and open apex involves induction of apical closure to create optimal condition for conventional root canal filling. Teeth with incomplete Rhizogenesis pose a special challenge to dentists all over because of large open apices, divergent root walls that are susceptible to fracture and frequent periapical lesions.so decision to commit such treatment should be based on definitive findings and sound biological principles. This book will explore the impact of trauma on immature teeth, as well as endodontic treatment options such as apexification using different biocompatible materials that have been used for creating artificial barriers.

Ключевые слова: Nonvital open apex, Open apex, Nonvital tooth, Apexogenesis, Revascularization, mta, Biodentine