Morphology, Physiology, Gap junctions Energy Proceses in Human Beings. Analysis of Brain Evolution in Human beings

      Аннотация: Changes in brain in humans and chimpanzees induced Homo sapiens, with higher perception, and linguistic expression. Lucy lived 2-3 Mya, height 1,1 meter, bipedal. Humans produced art, music, ornamentation, language, rituals. In men, fibers run back and forth within each hemisphere see issues and resolve them, while in women they zigzag between the left logical and right creative sides of the brain. Language is key human behavioral phenotype. Chimpanzees use their reflections in mirror to explore body parts, underarms, teeth, and anogenital region, use tools in the wild. Primates share a non-verbal system for ordering small and large numerosities. Hominid Last Common Ancestor with a brain 300–400 gr, the main phenotype is cognition, which evolved in apes 14 Mya. Human brain displays left hemisphere dominance for language, also in actual great apes. The primary motor, premotor, prefrontal cortices are involved in motor execution and cognition, as decision making, planning, memory, emotions. Molecules adapted for high neuronal activity, for ion pumps and neurotransmitters. The lateral cerebellar hemisphere of hominoids participates in planning of motor patterns, sensory discrimination

Ключевые слова: Brain, Chimpanzees, Humans, homo sapiens, DNA sequence, Mental evolution in primates, human language, cognition, Orangutan, Monkeys, Neuronal activity