Management of Gummy Smile.

      Аннотация: The smile is one of the most important facial expressions and is essential in expressing friendliness, agreement, and appreciation. Smile is more than a form of communication; it is kind of socialization and attraction. An increasing awareness regarding beauty and physical appearance has become a motivation for every clinician to evaluate the important aspects of patient’s smile and link the dynamic relationship between the teeth, gingiva, and lips together when smiling. Excessive gingival display, or what is known as Gummy Smile, is a clinical condition which has attracting a great attention and focus recently. Having knowledge and background about the cause and the treatment of each case of excessive gingival display is essential for making the accurate diagnosis and performing the correct procedure. This book highlights the various causes of excessive gingival display, manifestations of this condition, and some of the important treatment options for Gummy Smile.

Ключевые слова: smile, gummy smile, orthodontics, dentistry, deep bite, VME, Botox, Intrusion arches