Planning for Performance Improvement of E-rickshaw Operations. A Study of Howrah City

      Аннотация: The development of battery-powered three-wheeled vehicles known as electric rickshaws in India arose from a revolution in the electrification of conventional cars due to increasing fuel prices and environmental concerns. Electric rickshaws are becoming increasingly popular because of their operational flexibility, low running costs with less human labor, and an apparent increase in mobility in areas where Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) is not an option. Because of its dependability and low cost, it has become an inevitable mode of transportation for users. Because it is affordable to establish a career as an e-rickshaw driver, the informal sector is experiencing a shift in the profession. With the ever-increasing number of e-rickshaws, which are now proving to be a boon to both operators and users, a slew of issues is surfacing. Though E-Rickshaws were developed to provide door-to-door services similar to rickshaws as well as public transportation identical to auto-rickshaws on a large scale, their efficiency is declining at an alarming pace. Too many trips and users are being refused due to the E-rickshaws’ zone-based operational features.

Ключевые слова: Transportation, Transport Planning, paratransits, e-rickshaw, paratransit planning, urban planning, sustainable, planning, Sustainable Planning, Route Optimization