Detection of cytological changes in buccal smears of Sudanese tobacco users. Detection of cytological changes in buccal smears

      Аннотация: Toomback is local Nicotiana rustica, a tobacco species with high level of nicotine and nornicotine. Toomback is finely ground tobacco leaves, mixed with sodium bicarbonate, water is added, and a paste is made. The resulting saffa is placed in the oral vestibule where it remains up to several hours. In general saffa is replaced 5 -15 times per day. Moreover, a study by Ahmed and Mahjoob suggested that, toombak dipping and cigarette smoking might be considered as important risk factors in induction of oral epithelial atypia as seen in oral smears.

Ключевые слова: Sudan, Tobacco, buccal smear