MODERN STANDARD ARABIC PHONETICS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS.

      Аннотация: This book is written in an empirical approach; this is visible from the style of writing and the exercises given at the end of each chapter. My aim is to provide students and scholars with phonetic theories of articulatory (i.e. all articulators/ or sound-producing system), acoustic (i.e. pitch, frequency, loudness and intensity), and auditory phonetics (the outer ear, middle ear and the inner functions) as in chapter one. I make the task simple by analyzing all airstream mechanisms that are needed to produce sounds of languages and give examples from various languages and then compare and contrast them to Arabic data while discussing consonants and vowels as in chapter two. I have adopted various theoretical views of fortis / lenis, aspirated / non aspirated, voiced / voiceless and nasal plosion / non nasal plosion while discussing Arabic consonants; also adopted notions like high/ low, front/ back, tense/ lax and rounded/ unrounded while discussing the Arabic vowels as in chapter three. I ended the book with chapter four in which I wrote a number of beneficial exercises focused on phonetic description of Arabic data.

Ключевые слова: phonetics, consonants, Vowels, place of articulatiion, manner of articulation, transcription, stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, nasals, Pharengeals