Bilateral Collaboration for the Conservation of Coastal Waterbirds. The Wadden Sea National Park and The Gambia Department ofParks & Wildlife Management

      Аннотация: This study focuses on Bilateral cooperation between the Wadden Sea National Park, Wattenmeer National Park, and The Gambia Department of Parks and Wildlife Management, in the context of conserving the peregrination of migratory waterbird species and identifying the threats that are reposed along the East Atlantic Flyway. The purpose of this research was to investigate the bilateral cooperation between the Wadden Sea National Park, WattenmeerNational Park, and The Gambia Department of Parks and Wildlife Management, in the conservation of migratory coastal waterbirds from 2016 to April 4, 2023, and determine the most dominant threats on the habitats of bird migrants in these two regions of the Flyway. Based on quantitative analysis and Literature review, the findings suggest that there was a positive collaboration between the management of the Wadden Sea National Park and the Department of Parks and Wildlife Management of The Gambia, in the last seven years.

Ключевые слова: Bilateral Collaboration, Flyway, transverse, Coastal waterbird, Wadden Sea, Protected Areas, threats, national park, Management and Joint research