FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCES.

      Аннотация: The functional appliances are those removable or fixed appliance that alters the posture of mandible and transmits the force created by the resulting stretch of the muscle and soft tissue and change of neuromuscular environment to the dental and skeletal tissues to produce movement of the teeth and modification of growth.Most functional appliances can be constructed to posture the mandible forward for Class II correction or create posterior pressure pushing the mandible back for Class III correction Many functional appliances also incorporate design features to alter pressures experienced by individual teeth to accomplish the tooth movements. These modifications can be tailored to individual cases as required.Functional appliance treatment has been proposed by individuals since the late 19th century. T removable functional appliances which are more frequently used includes Twin Block, Bionator, Frankel Functional Regulators.Recently a new generation of fixed functional appliances has become popular. This avoids the issue of compliance. These appliances are more streamlined than the removable types and do not interfere with speech.This includes Herbst appliances, Forsus appliances.

Ключевые слова: Functional Appliance, malocclusion, skeletal dysplasia, Twin block, herbst appliance, functional regulators, mandibular advancement