Ultrasonics in Endodontics.

      Аннотация: During the past few decades endodontic treatment has benefited from the development of new techniques and equipment, which have improved outcome and predictability. Important attributes such as the operating microscope and ultrasonics (US) have found indispensable applications in a number of dental procedures in periodontology, to a much lesser extent in restorative dentistry, while being very prominently used in endodontics. In addition, root canal obstructions are being removed in a more conservative manner that does not unnecessarily destroy the tooth structure. The identification of missed and hidden canals has become a predictable outcome rather than a serendipitous discovery. Access cavities are being cut and refined with greater precision, opening up gateways to better endodontics. Above all, these procedures are no longer being performed blindly; instead the clinicians are now able to maintain visual contact with the operating field at all time during ultrasonic procedures. This book is an attempt to understand both the ultrasonic equipment and techniques along with its rapid technological advances.

Ключевые слова: Sonics, Ultrasonics, non surgical applications, start X